Criminal Investigations Basic Perspectives 13th Edition Practice Test

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• Which type of human trafficking is by far the most common?
• A sympathetic approach that uses expressions of understanding and compassion is appropriate for what type of offender?
• What is show-up identification, and when is it appropriate?
• What is victimology and how does it aid investigations?
• Which program serves as the clearinghouse for information about serial killers to help link cases?
• What is cognitive interviewing and its core techniques?
• A person working to pay off a debt owed by their ancestors is identified as a victim of which type of human trafficking?
• Which technique is used to retrieve latent fingerprints from a surface?
• What distinguishes a non-accusatory interview from an interrogation (in practice)?
• The use of science to answer legal questions is known as
• Which type of child molester is often childlike, selects children as sexual objects because they are less demanding and more easily dominated, is not interested in physically harming the child, truly loves children and does not want to harm them?
• Hedonistic Serial Killer is also known as which label?
• What is criminal profiling and its evidentiary value?
• The factual analysis approach during interrogation works best on what type of offender?
• Eyewitnesses to crimes will often be asked to look at pictures of persons arrested for similar crimes. These photos are known as what?
• Residential robberies are also known as which term?
• The subject says no but shakes his head yes. This is an example of what?
• The cooling of the body after death is known as what?
• A denial followed by a head shake can be described as what in interview analysis?
• Electronic surveillance conducted with the consent of one party to the conversation is known as what?
• Which form of human trafficking is described as being by far the most common?
• In eyewitness identification, when photos are not available, a police artist develops what visual aids?
• what type of rapist is very image conscious and believes he has a right to rape women because he is a man expressing his virility and personal dominance?
• How is footwear and tire impression evidence collected and analyzed?
• Criminals often use codes and ciphers to protect the security of their messages and transactions. This is known as?
• Diligent inquiry will disclose a network of other incidents, victims, and pedophiles. This ___________ links activity likely to identify a previously unknown child molester.
• What are common methods for preserving fingerprints at a scene?
• The killing of three of more in a relatively short period of time
• DNA is found in all cells that contain a nucleus. Each nucleated cell contains the full complement of an individual's DNA, which is called?
• Which missing-person group is most frequently represented in annual cases?
• In a child abduction investigation, which combination describes the two-pronged approach?
• In crime scene documentation, what is the benefit of using a sketch that may omit details?
• Which term describes the process of documenting evidence from discovery to courtroom presentation?
• What ethical standards should guide criminal investigations?
• Which doctrine prevents illegally obtained evidence from being admitted at trial?
• The essential elements of a crime that must be proven is known as?
• The state DNA data banks are linked together by the FBI to form a national DNA database known as?
• Why is effective case management and an investigation plan important?
• Which term refers to a rapist who feels entitled to rape due to gender and expresses dominance?
• What memory phenomenon occurs when a witness unconsciously incorporates new information about the crime after the event, potentially altering recall?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between field testing and laboratory analysis in investigations?
• Which term describes the killing of two or more victims in separate incidents over time?
• What common causes of wrongful convictions relate to investigations?
• In terms of child abduction, which category involves a family member seizing and withholding a child from another parent in violation of custodial rights?
• The examination of gunshot residue can indicate whether a victim or a suspect has recently fired a firearm. Which statement is true?
• Which legal doctrine governs whether illegally obtained evidence can be used in court?
• What type of abduction occurs when one family member takes or keeps a child away from another family member in violation of custodial rights?
• The fixated child molester and the sadistic child molester are most commonly associated with which type of abduction?
• Which term describes a professional who conducts scientific examination in a forensic laboratory?
• What is the name of the doctrine that allows observing and seizing evidence without a warrant when the incriminating object is in plain view?
• Investigators may enter or search a premises without a warrant if what type of circumstances exist?
• What is intelligence-led policing and how does it influence investigations?
• After death a chemical breakdown begins that results in the softening and liquefaction of the body. This is known as?
• Which type of interference occurs when previously learned information disrupts the absorption of new information?
• Which type of serial killer feels the conscious need to eradicate a group or class of people and is not psychotic and is in touch with reality?
• Bonded labor is a form of trafficking where victims are compelled to work to repay a debt owed by whom?
• In footwear and tire impression analysis, what is used to compare collected impressions with potential matches?
• what type of rapist is on a mission to get even with women for all the injustices, real or imaginary, he has suffered in his lifetime, using far more force than necessary and exceptional physical brutality?
• Which group of children represents the most common missing person case?
• How do probable cause and reasonable suspicion differ in practice?
• Which factor would most directly undermine the credibility of forensic testimony?
• In medieval England, what principle required all citizens to respond to protect the community?
• The advantage of a crime scene sketch that cannot be accomplished with photography is the elimination of unnecessary detail.
• How should informants be handled to maintain reliability?
• Which type of prints are typically formed on surfaces by residues and are not easily visible without development?
• How many adults and children does the US Congress estimate are victims of human trafficking each year?
• What is the primary purpose of a search incident to arrest?
• Which test can determine if blood was present at one time even after cleanup?
• Which form of human trafficking is described as the most common type of trafficking overall?
• What term describes a brief detention for questioning based on reasonable suspicion, potentially accompanied by a weapons search?
• What is the basic principle of DNA collection from biological evidence?
• At what step in the interview process should the investigator begin probing for any competency or credibility issues that might arise?
• Which element is commonly examined in digital evidence to establish timing and authorship?
• The chronological log maintained by officers guarding the perimeter is based on what?
• When more than one person is responsible for the commission of a crime and when one suspect is identified, the other suspects may be identified as well using which investigative lead?
• Racially biased comments by a subject should be considered in evaluating the subject's what?
• The professional name for employees in a forensic laboratory who conduct the scientific examination is?
• Biochemical changes after death produce a stiffening of the muscles known as?
• The major method of detecting murder involves autopsies performed by which type of physician?
• Parents or caretakers who attempt to bring medical attention to themselves by injuring or inducing illness in their children are known as?
• The removal of a deceased person's body from its burial place is known as?
• Which type of child molester is described as harming or killing a child and having a clear association between sexual gratification and violence?
• What term describes the requirement that a person must meet to testify?
• Which term describes a caregiver fabricating illness or symptoms in a child to gain attention or sympathy?
• In a child abduction investigation, the two-pronged approach includes which of the following?
• Being able to account for an item of evidence from its finding to presentation in court is known as what?
• Which laboratory equipment or method is capable of identifying the components in compounds?
• Which type of child molester tends to choose children as sexual objects because they are less demanding and easier to dominate?
• Which identification procedure is held shortly after the crime and involves bringing the witness to the suspect's location?
• Which technique is useful in determining if a suspect or victim has recently fired a handgun?
• Which practice best ensures continuity and integrity of evidence from collection to court?
• Fingerprints left on smooth slippery surfaces such as plastic bags can be developed by using what process?
• Which constitutional amendment provides citizens protection against unreasonable searches and seizures?
• Which type of evidence is typically collected to support a fire investigation's analysis of ignition?
• Which type of child molester is an abuser of all available adults and children, motivated toward sexual experimentation and does not have a preference for children?
• What is the purpose of using analyzed data in intelligence-led policing?
• What are essential elements of an undercover operation plan and risk management?
• In undercover operation planning, what is the purpose of a post-operation debrief?
• Which type of rapist derives intense gratification from torturing his victims?
• What is productive questioning in interviews?
• During an interview, moving around or fidgeting are examples of what type of signals?
• What is crime scene reconstruction and its purpose?
• In a four-step interviewing process, when should the investigator begin taking notes or recording the interview?
• Which figure is credited with professionalizing American policing in the early 20th century?
• Which piece of laboratory equipment would be effective for serial number recovery?
• The practice of temporarily detaining a person for questioning with a possible pat-down for weapons is called?
• The federal law enforcement agency that would have jurisdiction in the event of a terrorist attack similar to 9/11
• The crime scene search pattern that starts at one end and back and forth until the area is searched is known as Strip search.
• Crime partners who commit robberies and are typically associates living in the same neighborhood and who have served time together are referred to as which?
• Crime partners who commit robberies and tend to live in the same neighborhood, share suppliers, or have served time together are known as which groups?
• Which type of prints cannot be seen with the naked eye and must be developed to be seen?
• The process by which a wanted fugitive is returned to the state where the crime occurred is called?
• The type of informant is motivated to divulge information to the police for a variety of reasons such as jealousy greed revenge or to eliminate competition.
• Which type of child molester includes persons who are suffering from some form of mental disorder that renders them unable to distinguish between right and wrong, including sexual practices with children, and finds children to be nonthreatening which allows them to feel more in control?
• A person may waive constitutionally provided protections to allow an investigator to search home, person, and property. This is known as?
• Many DNA samples are either contaminated, degraded, or small in quantity. These problems are overcome by which process?
• What are the basics of Miranda rights and when must they be given?
• In medieval policing, what practice required citizens to raise alarm to catch criminals?
• Noting racially biased comments helps assess the subject's what?
• a person reporting a forcible sexual assault has just been through an emotionally shattering experience and may be in shock. This is known as?
• Which term describes the electronic surveillance arrangement in which one party to a conversation consents to the recording?
• What is the term for the basic units of heredity that differ among individuals?
• What percentage of our conversation is nonverbal?
• What term describes the act of temporarily isolating witnesses to prevent influence on their statements?
• Which type of search involves listing and securing a vehicle’s contents during lawful custody?
• The crime laboratory's analysis of human hair cannot determine which of the following?
• Which statement best captures eyewitness biases to consider in identification?
• Which statement best describes a fair lineup protection?
• A person who is an informant within an organized crime organization and provides information to investigators based on a position of trust from within the organization is known as what type of informant?
• Which device identifies the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing emitted light?
• Why is evidence documentation integrity essential?
• Which serial killer receives sexual gratification from the complete domination of his victim and believes he has the power to make the victim do anything?
• Which term describes the body's breakdown after death due to internal enzymatic activity?
• Which statement best describes the rights of passengers during vehicle searches?
• Which type of child molester is described as pursuing sexual experimentation with little regard to age specificity?
• Which term refers to the system that stores DNA profiles across jurisdictions?
• What are lineups, and what protections ensure fairness?
• Which term refers to the FBI-administered clearinghouse for information regarding serial killers that allows linking cases and coordinating investigations?
• Which term describes hiring based on political connections rather than merit in early American policing?
• Which statement best describes the roles of field tests versus laboratory analysis in investigations?
• How are privacy rights and searches of vehicles handled in investigations?
• What is the purpose of a case disposition or case closing report?
• Which statement best distinguishes a non-accusatory interview from an interrogation?
• Fingerprints that cannot be seen with the naked eye and must be developed to be seen are known as what type of prints?
• Which serial killer type is described as seeking personal gain and acts as a professional assassin?
• The study of the effects of poisons on the human body is known as
• Who is recognized as the father of modern policing in America?
• Age, intelligence, mental state, and intoxication affect a person's ability to testify; this concerns the person's what?
• The claim of being somewhere else at the time the crime was committed is known as what?
• Which test is used to indicate prior blood presence even after cleanup in a crime scene?
• Which term describes a situation in which enough facts lead a reasonable person to believe there is a fair probability of criminal activity?
• Which of the following are key components of effective report writing and court communication?
• Which type of serial killer is propelled to kill by voices he or she hears or visions he sees, indicating a break from reality?
• Fingerprints found in soft material such as tar or glaziers putty are known as what type of prints?
• The type of evidence that cannot be linked to a particular person or object is known as what?
• The person who first developed a system of human Identification, known as anthropometry
• Which criterion emphasizes testability, peer review, error rates, and general acceptance in evaluating admissibility of expert evidence?
• Which search or seizure method involves inventorying a vehicle’s contents during police custody?
• Which type of abduction is the least reported yet the most serious?
• A person who supplies information to investigators about organized crime that is based on a position of trust and confidence from within the organization is known as what type of informant?
• Which piece of laboratory equipment would be used to determine the elements contained within mineral samples?
• As a result of gravity, when the blood stops circulating, it begins to settle to the lowest portion of the body. This process is known as?
• Which role in the criminal justice system has the authority to file charges against a suspect?
• Which type of child molester has connected sexual gratification with personal violence, has no love for children, and is only interested in harming or killing the child?
• The essential elements of the crime are known as the Corpus delecti.
• The first officers responding to a crime scene are responsible for making sure the scene is safe for other personnel to enter. This step is known as?
• Which type of rapist uses a minimal amount of force and is trying to elevate his own self-status because he believes he is a loser and that controlling another person will make him important?
• The scientist who theorized that when a criminal came into contact with another object or person, a cross-transference of evidence could occur
• Which type of prints are contamination by blood and are found on weapons or scene items?
• During an interview, the subject begins to move around in the chair, jiggles his or her feet, and fidget. These are signs of a lack of what?
• Which early criminologist and police reformer is credited with introducing a systematic approach to detective work in the United States?
• A person who has been arrested for a criminal offense and agrees to cooperate with investigators to supply information concerning others involved in criminal activity is known as what type of informant?
• Which type of child molester typically has normal relationships with adults but turns to children as a temporary object for sexual gratification due to a situational occurrence?
• What constitutes a valid search warrant and common exceptions?
• What best describes show-up identification versus a lineup?
• Approximately how many sets of fingerprints are contained within the FBI national database?
• Differences within a particular segment of a DNA sequence are known as?
• How does victim protection and safety planning support investigations?
• What are the basic steps involved in a fire investigation?
• The homicide or killing of four or more victims during a single event, usually at one location is known as?
• Which of the following is a key consideration in surveillance planning and operation legality?
• Why is risk assessment included in undercover operation planning?
• Which standard is primarily used to assess whether an expert technique is generally accepted by the scientific community?
• Which term describes the condition where blood settles to the lowest parts of the body after death (Lividity)?
• Which items are typically examined in ballistics?
• The scientist who refined the technique necessary for the determination of where or not a bullet was fired from a suspects weapon
• Which scenario demonstrates a stop based on reasonable suspicion?
• What standard is lower than probable cause and justifies brief detention or stops?
• What are the Daubert and Frye standards for expert testimony?
• Which analytical technique uses neutron irradiation to reveal elemental composition of a sample?
• What is toolmark analysis and its limitations?
• How can a confession be deemed admissible despite potential coercion concerns?
• How should evidence be packaged and labeled at a crime scene?
• Bloody fingerprints left on weapons or at the crime scene are known as what type of prints?
• What practice is essential to ensuring DNA evidence remains reliable from collection to storage?
• Who is known today as the father of modern police detective?
• What role does officer training play in surveillance planning and operation legality?
• The two-prong test that determines when the Miranda warning must be given is met when which conditions are present?
• The brief contact with the victim and witness for the purposes of gathering suspect information is done for what purpose?
• Which term refers to the removal of a body from its burial site?
• Which option represents a NOT core cognitive interviewing technique?
• When photos are not available, an eyewitness might be asked to collaborate with a police artist in developing what?
• Fingerprints left on smooth nonporous surfaces such as glass can be developed using what?
• Which serial killer kills for personal gain and is described as a professional assassin?
• What is the name of the principle that evidence can be transferred through contact?
• The first officer on the scene should identify potential witnesses and __________ them as soon as possible.
• The system of police hiring based on political connections is known as?
• What is the role of nonverbal behavior analysis in interviews?
• Who is primarily responsible for deciding to charge a suspect with a crime in the criminal justice system?
• Residential robberies are also known as which term?
• Approximately how many fingerprint sets are contained within the FBI database?
• Which of the following should not be released to the media by investigators?
• What methods are used in crime scene reconstruction?
• Which term describes the process of cooling the body after death (Algor Mortis)?
• A police report of contact with persons who are engaged in suspicious activity not amounting to a crime is known as what?
• This type of lineup is held shortly after the commission of the crime and involves bringing the witness to the suspects location and is known as?
• Which killer has connected personal violence with sexual gratification, murdering because they derive pleasure from the act?
• What are best practices for preserving digital evidence?
• What is serology in forensic science?
• The homicide or killing of two or more victims as a result of separate murders when an individual, acting alone, or with another, commits multiple homicides during a period of time with breaks in between